Weller, R. Charles. “The Spread of Islam to the Americas via the Transatlantic Slave Trade: Its Civilizational Legacy, Indigenous Encounters and Implications for American National History and Identity”. World History Connected 16, no. 1 (September 29, 2023). Accessed April 29, 2025. https://journal.gmu.edu/index.php/whc/article/view/3756.